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People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It

is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have been developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as " nature/nurture".

Two who support the" nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the " nurture" theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior. is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimulus as the basis of their behavior.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior. lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

Which of the following statements would supporters of the" nature" theory agree with？

A．A person's instincts have little effect on his actions.

B．Environment is important in determining a person's behavior. and personality.

C．Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.

D．The behaviorists' view correctly explains how we act.

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更多“People have wondered for a lon…”相关的问题
第1题
How to Be a Successful Businessperson Have you ever wondered why some people are successfu

How to Be a Successful Businessperson

Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not？ Here's astory about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 res-taurants.

Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal,a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplanepilot,and when he was 16 years old,he learned to fly a small plane.

At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States.He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a compa-ny that rented cars.

While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental(租赁的)company,he frequently ate at a nearby KFCrestaurant. To save money on food,he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months,he worked as acook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it,"Mr,Kazi says,"but I always did the best I could. "

One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day,Mr. Kazi did the work of allthree people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later,the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard asthe manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.

A few years later,Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant wasdirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restau-rant. For the first six months,Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a. m. t0 10 p. m. ,seven days aweek. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant,remodeled the front of the building,and improved thecooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutesfor their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.

A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned, he bought threemore restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up,improved the food,and retrainedthe employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit,too.

Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants,but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for morepoorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess, "Mr.Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up. "

When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to

A.sell cars

B.own a restaurant

C.become a good cook

D.be an airplane pilot

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第2题
On a Friday night，a poor young violinist was playing his violin at the entrance of the
subway station.The music was so great that people slowed down to listen and put some money into his hat.

The next day，the violinist came to the entrance again.He put down his hat as usual. Beside the hat was a piece of paper with some words on it.It said，“A George Sang has put an important thing into my hat by mistake.Welcome to claim(认领)it.”Soon the people were all attracted by the words and wondered what it could be.After a while a man rushed through the crowd，took the violinist’s shoulders and said，“I knew you would certainly come here.”The violinist asked，“Did you lose something？”“Lottery(彩票).”The violinist took out a lottery ticket with Sang’s name on it.Sang took it and danced happily.

Sang was an office worker.He bought the lottery and won a prize of$500，000.But when he gave$50 to the violinist for his wonderful music，the lottery ticket was thrown in， too.The violinist was a college student.That morning，he was going to fly to Vienna for high education.However，when he found the ticket，he cancelled the flight and returned to the entrance.

Later someone asked the violinist why he didn’t take the lottery ticket to pay the tuition fee(学费).He said “Although I don’t have much money，I live happily.If I lose honesty(诚实)，I won’t be happy forever.”

31.The young man played the violin for （） at the entrance.

A.pleasure

B.money

C.1ove

D.friends

32.George Sang put （） into the violinist’s hat on a Friday night by mistake.

A. money

B.1ottery

C.money and lottery

D.nothing

33.George Sang was very （） to see the young violinist the next day.

A. worried

B.sorry

C.sad

D.happy

34.The underlined word “cancelled” means （）.

A.取消

B.延误

C.预定

D.结束

35.What’s the best title(标题)for this passage？（）

A.T he meaning of honesty

B.An office worker and a lottery ticket

C.The importance of being honest

D.A violinist and an office worker

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第3题
The other day I heard an American say to a Chinese student of English "You speak very good
English." But the student answered, "No, no. My English is very poor." the foreigner was quite surprised at the answer. Thinking he had not made himself understood or the student had not heard him clearly, he said, "Yes indeed, you speak English very well." But the Chinese student still kept saying "No. "In the end the foreigner gave up and was at a loss what to say. What's wrong with the student's answer？ It is because he did not accept a compliment＜赞美的话＞as the English people do. He should have said "Thank you" instead of "no". He actually understood what the American had said. But he thought he should be modest. If he said "Thank you", that would mean he was too proud. According to the western culture, if someone says the dishes you have cooked are very delicious, you should say "Thank you". If someone says to a woman "You look so beautiful with the new clothes on", she should be very happy and answer "Thank you". In our country we think being modest is a virtue and showing off a bad thing. But in the west, if you are modest and say" No, I'm afraid I can't do it well", then the others will take it for granted that you really cannot do it. If you often say "no", you will certainly be looked down upon by others. If asking for a job, one says something like "Let me have a try on the job" instead of "Yes, I can certainly do it," he or she will never expect to get it. So in the west one should always be confident. Without self-confidence, he cannot go anywhere. Confidence is of great importance to one in a country where competition is quite keen.

Why was the American surprised at the Chinese student's answer？

A．Because he wondered whether the student could really speak good English.

B．Because he could hardly hear what the student had said.

C．Because he wouldn't like others to say "No".

D．Because the way to accept a compliment in China is not the same as that in the western countries.

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第4题
Middle-aged people may feel subhealth, because______. A. they have lost their living

Middle-aged people may feel subhealth, because______.

A. they have lost their living hopes

B. they have more pressure in life and work

C. they have used up their energy

D. they begin to get older

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第5题
______the timely rescue, a lot more people would have been killed in the earth-quake.A．But

______the timely rescue, a lot more people would have been killed in the earth-quake.

A．But for

B．Regardless of

C．Apart from

D．Owing to

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第6题
five hundred people are believed to have drowned.A.As many asB.As much asC.So many asD.So

five hundred people are believed to have drowned.

A.As many as

B.As much as

C.So many as

D.So much as

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第7题
People appreciate ______ with him because he has a good sense of humor.A．to workB．to have

People appreciate ______ with him because he has a good sense of humor.

A．to work

B．to have worked

C．working

D．having worked

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第8题
In the last paragraph, people are recommended to have ______.A．foods containing large quan

In the last paragraph, people are recommended to have ______.

A．foods containing large quantities of refined flour and vegetables

B．foods with fibers removed

C．foods with more fibers

D．food with additives

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第9题
Recent studies have suggested that weight training ______.A．has become an essential part o

Recent studies have suggested that weight training ______.

A．has become an essential part of people's life

B．may well affect the health of the trainees

C．will attract more people in the days to come

D．contributes to health improvement as well

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第10题
As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have ______ .A．a higher sense o

As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have ______ .

A．a higher sense of security.

B．less secured payments.

C．less chance to invest.

D．a guaranteed future.

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