(ii) Explain why the disclosure of voluntary information in annual reports can enhance the
(ii) Explain why the disclosure of voluntary information in annual reports can enhance the company’s
accountability to equity investors. (4 marks)
(ii) Explain why the disclosure of voluntary information in annual reports can enhance the company’s
accountability to equity investors. (4 marks)
(ii) Explain why Galileo is able to pay the inheritance tax due in instalments, state when the instalments are
due and identify any further issues relevant to Galileo relating to the payments. (3 marks)
The chief executive officer (CEO) of Faoilean Co has just returned from a discussion at a leading university on the ‘application of options to investment decisions and corporate value’. She wants to understand how some of the ideas which were discussed can be applied to decisions made at Faoilean Co. She is still a little unclear about some of the discussion on options and their application, and wants further clarification on the following:
(i) Faoilean Co is involved in the exploration and extraction of oil and gas. Recently there have been indications that there could be significant deposits of oil and gas just off the shores of Ireland. The government of Ireland has invited companies to submit bids for the rights to commence the initial exploration of the area to assess the likelihood and amount of oil and gas deposits, with further extraction rights to follow. Faoilean Co is considering putting in a bid for the rights. The speaker leading the discussion suggested that using options as an investment assessment tool would be particularly useful to Faoilean Co in this respect.
(ii) The speaker further suggested that options were useful in determining the value of equity and default risk, and suggested that this was why companies facing severe financial distress could still have a positive equity value.
(iii) Towards the end of the discussion, the speaker suggested that changes in the values of options can be measured in terms of a number of risk factors known as the ‘greeks’, such as the ‘vega’. The CEO is unclear why option values are affected by so many different risk factors.
Required:
(a) With regard to (i) above, discuss how Faoilean Co may use the idea of options to help with the investment decision in bidding for the exploration rights, and explain the assumptions made when using the idea of options in making investment decisions. (11 marks)
(b) With regard to (ii) above, discuss how options could be useful in determining the value of equity and default risk, and why companies facing severe financial distress still have positive equity values. (9 marks)
(c) With regard to (iii) above, explain why changes in option values are determined by numerous different risk factors and what ‘vega’ determines. (5 marks)
(a) ISA 700 Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements requires auditors to produce an audit report. This report should contain a number of consistent elements so that users are able to understand what the audit report means.
Required:
Describe FOUR elements of an unmodified auditor’s report and for each explain why they are included. (4 marks)
(b) Bullfinch.com is a website design company whose year end was 31 October 2014. The audit is almost complete and the financial statements are due to be signed shortly. Revenue for the year is $11·2 million and profit before tax is $3·8 million. A key customer, with a receivables balance at the year end of $283,000, has just notified Bullfinch.com that they are experiencing cash flow difficulties and so are unable to make any payments for the foreseeable future. The finance director has notified the auditor that he will write this balance off as an irrecoverable debt in the 2015 financial statements.
Required:
(i) Explain whether or not the 2014 financial statements require amendment; and
(ii) Describe audit procedures which should be performed in order to form. a conclusion on any required amendment.
Note: The total marks will be split equally between each part. (6 marks)
(b) Distinguish between strategic and operational risks, and explain why the secrecy option would be a source
of strategic risk. (10 marks)
(c) Define ‘market risk’ for Mr Allejandra and explain why Gluck and Goodman’s market risk exposure is
increased by failing to have an effective audit committee. (5 marks)
(b) Explain why Oliver might legitimately feel he has a grievance against his manager and identify which aspects
of the formal disciplinary procedure David Morgan did not follow or allow in this case. (9 marks)
(b) Explain why making sales of Sabals in North America will have no effect on Nikau Ltd’s ability to recover its
input tax. (3 marks)
Notes: – you should assume that the corporation tax rates and allowances for the financial year to 31 March 2007
will continue to apply for the foreseeable future.
– you should ignore indexation allowance.
(ii) Explain the organisational factors that determine the need for internal audit in public listed companies.
(5 marks)