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It happened one morning 20 years ago. British scientist Alec Jeffrey stumbled upon DNA fin

gerprinting: He identified the patterns of genetic(基因的) material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worded, by the power of the technology he released upon the world.

The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the victims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child.

Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic variations. But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents' son. In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two rapes and murders and helped convict another man.

DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples(样本). The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person's privacy. That includes a person's medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. "There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person's paternity or risk of disease," Jeffrey said.

DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Till, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey's estimates(估计) the probability of two individuals' DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at between one in a billion or one in a trillion.

The passage is mainly about ______.

A．the discovery of fingerprinting by Jeffery

B．the practice of fingerprinting in court

C．the fingerprinting in the present situation

D．the merits and demerits of fingerprinting

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更多“It happened one morning 20 yea…”相关的问题
第1题
By saying "Let's hope that this time it really will be the last one", the father meant
that ______.

A. he wished people had not built the bonfire

B. he hoped people would not build any more bonfires

C. he hoped there would be no more wars in the world

D. he wished the Second World War had not happened

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第2题
Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？A.Mickey

Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？

A.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous cartoon characters.

B.Diogenes comes from Kennia, which is in Africa

C.Disneyland was created by Walt Disney.

D.Paul is writing an unusual thing that happened to him.

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第3题
Visitors from space may have landed on our planet dozens, even hundreds of times during th
e long, empty ages while Man was still a dream of the distant future. Indeed, they could have landed on 90 percent of the earth as recently as two or three hundred years ago, and we could never have heard of it. If one searches through old newspapers and local records, one can find many reports of strange incidents that could be interpreted as visits from outer space. A stimulating writer, Charles Fort, has made a collection of UFO sighting in his book! One is tempted to believe them more than any modern reports, for the simple reason that they happened long before anyone had ever thought of space travel. Yet at the same time, one can't take them too seriously, for before scientific education was widespread, even sightings of meteors, comets, auroras, and so on, gave rise to the most incredible stories, as they still do today.

According to the passage, visitors from space may have landed on the earth ______.

A．long before man had dreamed of it

B．long before there were human beings

C．in the last few hundred years

D．after the space age began

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第4题
Let me tell you a story about Berb and Mild Carbridge, who used to be very【21】For example,
Mild would forget to【22】dinner, or Berb would【23】up for work on Sunday【24】it was Monday. One summer they【25】to take a long plane trip. What do you guess happened？ Well, they got to the airport with only ten minutes to【26】. So time was short. In that【27】anyone would【28】the plane right away. But not Mr. and Mrs. Carbridge. They just had to buy some flight insurance(保险)【29】. All in all, who knows what will happen on a plane flight？ They quickly put some【30】into a machine and【31】came their insurance policy. "Who【32】get the money if we【33】, I wonder？" asked Mild. "My mother, of course," her husband【34】. "We'll mail the【35】to her. Now quick give me a stamp,【36】you？" he said. "The plane's going to【37】in another minute." Berb put the stamp on the envelope,【38】it in the mailbox, and【39】began to cry. What happened, do you guess？ He had mailed their【40】to his mother!

(36)

A．careless

B．forgetful

C．thoughtful

D．foolish

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第5题
One day Bob took two of his frends into the mountains. They put up their tents and the

n rode off to a forest to see how the trees were growing.

In the aftemoon when they were about ten kilometers from their camp, It started to snow. More and more snow fell. Soon Bob could hardly see his hands before his face. He could not find the road. Bob knew there were two roads. One road went to the camp, and the other went to his house. But all was white snow. Everything was the same. How could he take his friends back to the camp？

Bob had an idea. The horses! Let the horses take them back! But what would happen if the horses took the road to his house？ That would be a trip of thirty-five kilometers in such cold weather! It was getting late. They rode on and on. At last the horses stopped. Where were they？ None of them could tell. John looked around. What was that under the tree？ It was one of their tents!

1.John and his two friends went to the forest to watch the trees in the forest.()

2.They could not f1nd their way back because there was only one road to their camp.()

3.It is clear that they wanted the horses to take them to the camp.()

4.The horses stopped because they were tired after running for along way.()

5.The story happened at night when nothing could be seen.()

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第6题
Mrs. Andrews had a young cat and it was the cats frst winter One evening the cat was outide when it began to snow heavilyMsAndrews loked everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find i so she telephoned the police and said, "Thave lost a smallblack cat. Has anybody found one?"

"No, Madam," said the policeman at the other end, "But the cats are really very strong animals. They sometimes live for days in the snow, and when somebody finds them, they are quite all right."

Mrs.Andrews felt happier when she heard this, "And," she said, "our cat is very clever. She almost talks."

The policeman was getting tired. "Well then," he said, "why don't you put your telephone down? Perhapssheis trying to telephone you now."

21、MisAndter hdacata wa es hanyerod

A. True

0 B. False

22、The cat was at home when it began to snow heavly

A. True

B. False

23、The story happened on a spring morning.

O A. Trwy

B. False

24、The underlined word "she" in the last sentence refers to thecat.

A. False

B. True

25、The policeman was getting rather tired becauseMrs Andrews had talked too much to him on the phone.

A. False

B. True

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第7题
Passage Five Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past

Passage Five

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is leaning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.

Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a “memory trace (记忆痕) .” What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to dear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Gibe the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize thins that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.

One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learn how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

52. We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that_____.

A bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C chemical substances carry certain memories

D memory is stored in the brain as a substance

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第8题
Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a y
oung person thinking of going on the stage is " Don't " ! But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a theatrical company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre:painting scenery, publicity (宣传) , taking care of the costumes (舞台服装) , and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny.

Of course, some people have remarkable chances which lead to fame and success without this long and hard training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his car. He stopped and asked if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and she thought he was joking. It took the producer twenty minutes to convince Connie that he was serious. The test was successful. And within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!

From the very beginning, the author puts it clearly that acting is a profession______.

A．for ambitious people only

B．for young people only

C．too difficult for young people

D．sought after by too many people

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第9题
Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened

Text 3

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.

Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.

Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.

31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.

[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment

[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared

[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today

[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

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第10题
Millions of stars are traveling about in space. A few form. groups which journey together,
but most of them travel alone. And they travel through a universe so large that one star seldom comes near to another.

We believe, however, that some two thousand million years ago, another star wandering through space, happened to come near our sun. Just as the sun and the moon raise tides on the earth, so this star must have raised tides on the surface of the sun. But they were very different from the small tides that are raised in our oceans; a large tidal wave' must have travelled over the surface of the sun, at last forming a mountain so high that we cannot imagine it. As the cause of the disturbance (动荡) came nearer, so the mountain rose higher and higher. And before the star began to move away again, its tidal pull had become so powerful that this mountain was torn to pieces and threw off small parts of itself into space. These small pieces have been going round the sun ever since. They are the planets (行星).

Millions of stars are______.

A．following a regular path in space

B．always travelling together

C．seldom wandering about in the universe

D．moving about without a fixed course

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