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Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of...

Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”

Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”

These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.

This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.

31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____

[A] more emotional

[B] more objective

[C] less energetic

[D] less strategic

32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______

[A] historical incidents

[B] gender difference

[C] sports culture

[D] athletic executives

33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______

[A] revive historical terms

[B] promote company image

[C] foster corporate cooperation

[D] strengthen employee loyalty

34.It can be inferred that Lean In________

[A] voices for working women

[B] appeals to passionate workaholics

[C] triggers debates among mommies

[D] praises motivated employees

35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak？

[A] Managers admire it but avoid it

[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense

[C] Companies find it to be fundamental

[D] Regular people mock it but accept it

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更多“Even in traditional offices, “…”相关的问题
第1题
Much social talk,【36】from casual conversation to formal【37】speech has an aim other than to
convey information or to achieve agreement on disputed issues. Individuals talk and listen to one【38】, in part simply to enhance sociability--to【39】their enjoyment in being together. Sometimes this is called speech to entertain, but this traditional label has【40】been very satisfactory. Social talk serves a more important function【41】merely to pass time【42】.

A great deal of the【43】and the listening that occurs【44】casual circumstances may seem to be【45】, in the sense that the discourse is relaxed, relatively formless, and expressive of strong and intimate feelings.【46】, such speaking and listening are highly valued. Normal individuals dread being deprived【47】companionship. If required to be【48】for a time, they may mm on the【49】or television, not to learn something,【50】not even to be entertained,【51】to feel the sociability of hearing human speech. The【52】purpose of much speech (including most【53】and many public speeches) is to knit together【54】closely and more pleasantly the ties of【55】.

(56)

A．dividing

B．ranging

C．gathering

D．arranging

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第2题
Imagine a world in which children would be the rulers and could decide not only the outcom
e of each and every occurrence, but also dictate the very structure and form. of the environment. In this world, a child's wildest thoughts would become reality, limited only by the extent of his or her imagination. While such a world might sound both fantastic and frightening, at least from a logical, adult perspective, it does exist. What's more, it has been in existence for some time and is populated by hundreds of thousands of children who spend hours within its boundaries experimenting and learning. This world is not real, at least not in the traditional sense, but exists within a computer and is generated by an educational programming language called LOGO. Unlike other computer languages and programs that are designed to test children and provide applications that formally dispense information, LOGO allows children, even preschool children, to be in total control. Children teach the computer to think and as a result develop and sharpen their own reasoning abilities.In the imagined world ______ would restrict children's wildest thoughts.A.the limits of their imaginationB.the structure and form. of the environmentC.the reality of lifeD.the roles of the society

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第3题
Cultures tend to favor either a past, or future orientation with regard to time. A future
orientation, encompassing a preference for change, is characteristic of American culture. The society encourages people to look to the future rather than to the past. Technological, social, and artistic trends change rapidly and affect people's life styles and their relationships.

Given the inclination toward change, it is not surprising that tradition plays a limited role in the American culture. Those who try to uphold traditional pattern of living or thought may be seen as rigid or "old-fashioned". In a society where change is so rapid, it is not uncommon for every generation to experience a "generation gap". Sometimes parents struggle to understand the values of their children, even religious institutions have had to adapt to contemporary need of their followers. Folk singers in church services, women religious leaders, slang versions of the Bible, all reflect attempts made by traditional institutions to "keep up with the times".

High rates of change, particularly in urban areas, have contributed to a focus on the future rather than the past or present. Some Americans believe that the benefits of the future orientation are achievement and progress which enable them to have a high standard of living. Others believe that high blood pressure and stomach ulcers are the results of such a life style.

As individuals in a culture, we all have an intuitive understanding about how time is regulated, usually we do not think about the concept of time until we interact with others who have a different time orientation. Although individuals from any now cultures may view time similarly, we often sense that in another culture, life seems to proceed at either a slower or faster pace. Knowing how time is regulated, divided, and perceived can provide valuable insights into individuals and their culture.

The American orientation toward the future might be demonstrated by ______.

A．the presence of religious institutions

B．the preference for "old-fashioned" parents

C．the limited role of tradition

D．the presence of folk singers in church services

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第4题
Would you eat a bacon, lettuce and love apple sandwich？ You probably have eaten many of th
em. Love apple was the name used many years ago for the tomato.

The tomato is originally an American plant. It was found in South America by early Spanish explorers. The word tomato comes from the native Nahuatl word tomatl. But when it moved north, the plant earned a different name. Remarkably, the settlers in North America thought it was poisonous. They believed that to eat it was surely to die. It was said that deserted suitors would threaten to eat a tomato to cause their coldhearted lovers-regret. Because of this legend, the settlers called the tomato a "love apple." While people enjoyed other native plants such as corn and sweet potatoes, everyone avoided the tomato.

No one knows who first dared to eat a tomato. Perhaps someone was brave enough, or lovesick enough, to try out the truth of the rumors. Of course, whoever ate this fruit was perfectly safe. No one died from eating a love apple. Still, it was many years before the people fully believed that the tomato was a safe, and even good food. But its use did become common, and the plant was sent across the ocean to become part of many traditional European dishes.

The language from which we derived the word tomato is______.

A．Portuguese

B．Spanish

C．Nahuati

D．European

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第5题
The Fertility BustAFatting populations—the despair of state pension systems—are often rega

The Fertility Bust

A Fatting populations—the despair of state pension systems—are often regarded with calmness, even a secret satisfaction, by ordinary people. Europeans no Longer need Large families to gather the harvest or to took after parents. They have used their good fortune to have fewer children, thinking this wilt make their tires better. Much of Europe is too crowded as it is. !s this at that is going on？ Germans have been agonising about recent European Union estimates suggesting that 30% of German women are, and will remain, childless. The number is a guess: Germany does not collect figures Like this. Even if the share is 25%, as other surveys suggest, it is by far the highest in Europe.

B Germany is something of an oddity in this. In most countries with tow fertility, young women have their first child late, and stop at one. In Germany, women with children often have two or three, but many have none at all. Germany is also odd in experiencing low fertility for such a tong time. Europe is demographically potarised. Countries in the north and west saw fertility fart early, in the 196Os. Recently, they have seen it stabilise or rise back towards replacement [ever (i.e. 2.1 births per woman). Countries in the south and east, on the other hand, saw fertility rates fart much faster, more recently (often to below 1.3, a rate at which the population falls by half every 45 years). Germany combines both. Its fertility rate felt below 2 in 1971. However, it has stayed tow and is stilt only just above 1.3. This challenges the notion that European fertility is likely to stabilise at tolerable Levels. It raises questions about whether the Low birth rates of Italy and Poland, say, realty are, as some have argued, merely temporary.

C The List of explanations for why German fertility has not rebounded is tong. Michael Teitelbaum, a demographer at the Stoan Foundation in New York ticks them off: poor child care; unusually extended higher education; inflexible labour taws; high youth unemployment; and non-economic or cultural factors. One German writer, Gunter Grass, wrote a novel, "Headbirths", in 1982, about Harm and Dōrte Peters, "a model couple" who disport themselves on the beaches of Asia rather than invest time and trouble in bringing up a baby. "They keep a cat", writes Mr Grass, "and stilt have no child." The novel is subtitled "The Germans are dying out". With the exception of this cultural factor, none of these features is peculiar to Germany. If social and economic explanations account for persistent low fertility there, then they may well produce the same persistence elsewhere.

D The reason for hoping otherwise is that the initiat dectine in southern and eastern Europe was drastic, and may be reversibte. In the Mediterranean, demographic decline was associated with freeing young women from the constraints of traditional Catholicism, which encouraged large families. In eastern Europe, it was associated with the collapse in living standards and the ending of pro-birth policies after the fait of communism. In both regions, as such temporary factors fade, fertility rates might, in principle, be expected to rise. Indeed, they may already be stabilising in Italy and Spain. Germany tells you that reversing these trends can be hard. There, and elsewhere, fertility rates did not merely fall; they went below what people said they wanted. In 1979, Eurobarometer asked Europeans how many children they would tike. Almost everywhere, the answer was two: the traditional two-child idea[ persisted even when people were not delivering it. This may have reflected old habits of mind. Or people may reat[y be having fewer children than they claim to want.

E A recent paper suggests how this might come about. If women postpone their first child past their mid-30s, it may be too [ate to have a second even if they want one (the average age of first births in most of Europe is now 30). If everyone does the s

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第6题
Historians of women’s labor in the United States at firstlargely disregarded the story of

Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first

largely disregarded the story of female service workers

-women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk.

domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians

(5) focused instead on factory work, primarily because it

seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women’s

work” in the home, and because the underlying economic

forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind

and hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emanci-

(10) pation has been less profound than expected, for not even

industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segre-

gation in the workplace.

To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of

women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the

(15) way a prevailing definition of femininity often etermines

the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such

allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance,

early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s

employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption

(20) that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and

patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners

thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereo-

types associated with the homemaking activities they

presumed to have been the purview of women. Because

(25)women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks

more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded

as female jobs.And employers, who assumed that women’s

“real” aspirations were for marriage and family life.

declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of

(30) men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs

came to be perceived as “female.”

More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence

of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once

an occupation came to be perceived as “female.” employers

(35) showed surprisingly little interest in changing that percep-

-tion, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the

urgent need of the United States during the Second World War

to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex

characterized even the most important

(40) war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers

quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that

women had been permitted to master.

According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was______

A．greatly diminlated by labor mobilization during the Second World War

B．perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women’s employment in wage labor

C．one means by which women achieved greater job security

D．reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages were obvious

E．a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry

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第7题
It can be really frustrating (使人沮丧的) for an overweight person to go to a gym and
work out with a positive attitude.All one has to do is walk by almost any nice gym and notice all the healthy, sweating, “skinny” members.Sometimes they stare at those of us who are, well, zaftig.It is easy to see the judgment behind their eyes.Who wants to put up with that？

Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workout classes of while exercising, especially if they are larger than most of the others in the group.Now the fitness industry is finally paying attention.Popular gyms are catering (迎合) to overweight and weight conscious customers by dedicating areas where the “skinny” people are not allowed.

There are even gyms or programs that require members to be at least 50 pounds overweight to participate.

Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs(六块腹肌).They often use text messages to stay in touch with customers.

Often at these specialized gyms, the trainers are overweight themselves, or working on their own weight goals, and this can help those people with anxiety caused by poor body image.The equipment has been designed for use by larger people.Wider seats, more cushioning, no mirrors, and tinted (有色的) windows for privacy, are all important changes.

Hopefully these types of gyms will successfully grow in numbers in the future.The idea is a very simple and potentially popular one.If it helps those of us who are bigger exercise more and improve our fitness level, it's a step in the right direction.

1.The word zaftig in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ().

A.fat

B.healthy

C.friendly

2.We can infer from the first two paragraphs that ().

A.most large gym chains really don't want members to show up frequently

B.overweight people are often frustrated and pushed away by traditional gym industry

C.regular gyms don't accept overweight people to participate in their programs

3.What is the training goal in the gyms catering to overweight members？()

A.To achieve functional fitness.

B.To build six-pack abs.

C.To look like a fitness model.

4.As for the gyms catering to overweight members, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？()

A.The machines are designed for larger people

B.Tinted windows are used to ensure extra privacy

C.There are large mirrors on the walls

5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？()

A.Improving Women's Self-confidence through Exercises

B.The traditional Gym Industry Is Losing Its Customers

C.Specialized Gyms Designed for Overweight People

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第8题
根据以下内容回答题：Traditionally．universities have carried out two main activities：researc

根据以下内容回答题：

Traditionally．universities have carried out two main activities：research and teaching．Many expels would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the communi-ty．The fundamental question，however，is how does the community want or need to be served？

In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the govemments and the public to ensure that they do not remain…ivory towers”(象牙之塔)of study separated from the realities of everyday life．University teachers have been encouraged，and in some cases compelled，to provide more courses which produce graduates with the techni-cal skills required for the commercial use．If Aristotle wanted to work in university in the uk today，he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so rea．Dily employable as a philosopher．

A post．industrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers，engineers，managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but“man”，as the Bible says，“does not live by bread alone．”Apart from requiring medical and social services，which do not directly contribute to economic growth，the society should also value and enjoy litera-ture．music and the arts．In these cost-conscious times，it has even been pointed out in justifi-cation for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners．A successful musical play，for instance，can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things．

We can know from the first paragraph that the author__________ ． 查看材料

A.believes traditional’universities have done a good job serving the community

B.believes it remains to be discussed how universities should meet the needs of society

C.thinks some experts require too much of universities

D.thinks universities should do more than just research and teaching

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