Three Americans Win Nobel Economics PrizeThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in economics to three Americans,Eugene Fama,Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller on Oct.14,2013.Eugene Fama and Lars Peter Hansen are both professors at the University of Chicago.Robert Shiller is a professor at Yale University.They will share the prize worth about 1.2 million dollars."This year's prize in economic sciences is about predictions." All three of this year's prize winners are mainly known for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets.They have had a big influence on the way people look at and talk about financial markets.Eugene Fama's research on financial markets in the 1960s led market watchers to change their ideas about investing.His ideas are linked to the theory that markets are efficient,which means market actors taking all available information to create the correct price for things at any given time.This also means that over short periods of time,it is not possible to predict prices.Robert Shiller found,however,that over long periods,the opposite is true.It is possible to predict the movement of prices and that price changes are linked to human behavior.The findings of both economists have led to the growth of index funds,investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk.Mr Shiller also helped to create the Standard & Poor's Case-Shiller home prices index.That index follows home prices across the United States.Lars Peter Hansen developed a method for studying historical pricing information.His method supports Mr Shiller's findings and has influenced efforts to predict prices in the financial industry.The Nobel Prize in economics was not created by Alfred Nobel,but was established in his memory by Sweden's central bank in 1968.1.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in electronics to three Americans on Oct.14,2013.2.Eugene Fama,Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller won the prize for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets.3.Eugene Fama's research on financial markets in the 1960s resulted in some change in how market watchers look at investing.4.The findings of both economists have led to the growth of price prediction,investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk.5.The Nobel Prize in economics was established in memory of Alfred Nobel by Sweden's central bank in 1968.

第1题

It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War II most Americans ___

___.

A．were very rich

B．lived in poverty

C．had the good things on the first three levels

D．did not own automobiles

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第2题

Chinese-Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general. One-fourth of all【3

6】Chinese-Americans are working in scientific and professional【37】. The Chinese have risen to this position【38】some of the harshest discrimination and violence【39】any immigrants in the history of this country. Today, 【40】of the Chinese prosperity (成功) is【41】the simple fact that they work harder and take【42】of educational opportunities.

Chinese-Americans have had three Noble【43】winners, all in physics. Many more have PhDs, especially from high【44】universities. Among academics, Asians publish more than【45】blacks or whites.

(36)

A．employed

B．employee

C．employer

D．employing

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第3题

Movies are the most popular form. of entertainment for millions of Americans. They go to t

he movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the actors or because they have heard the film has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape.

Sitting in a dark theater, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is real to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, and for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic (浪漫的) and beautiful than in real life.

The biggest "dream factories" are in Hollywood, the capital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of movies that are shown all over the world. American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroes who do things the average person would like to do but often can't. People have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life, so they feel encouraged when they see the" good guys "win in the movies.

The Americans go to the movies mainly because they want______.

A．to enjoy a good story

B．to experience an exciting life

C．to see the actors and actresses

D．to escape their daily life

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第4题

Scientists discovered that atoms of some substances are radioactive. This means that they

are unstable and can be split. The chain of splitting atoms releases great destructive energy and it was this discovery which led scientists to develop the idea of an atomic bomb. The American government secretly worked to produce such a bomb and the first version was much more powerful than anyone had thought.

By this time, the World War II had ended in Europe. But the Japanese refused to surrender, the Americans decided that by dropping an atomic bomb on Japan, they could end the war quickly and save more of their soldier’s lives.

Soon after midnight on 6 August 1945, a bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, a civilian target. No warning was given and there was total devastation. Almost all the buildings were destroyed and more than 100000 people died or were horribly wounded.

The Japanese military still did not want to surrender so three days later, the Americans dropped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki, killing 45000 people. The Japanese government was discussing ending the war when they heard the news of Nagasaki. Finally, they surrendered and the World War II came to an end.

At first, the scientists who had built the bomb were pleased that it had helped to end the war. However, many would come to realize that they had helped to create the most terrible weapon known to man.

The first atomic bomb ______.

A．was less powerful

B．was dropped in Nagasaki

C．was a failure

D．was tested in desert

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第5题

Almost every new innovation goes through three phases. Wheninitially introducing into the

Almost every new innovation goes through three phases. When

initially introducing into the market, the process of adoption is slow. S1.______

The early models are expensive and hard to use, and perhaps even unsafe.

The economic impact is relatively great. S2.______

The second phase is the explosive one, where the innovation was S3.______

rapidly adopted by a large number of people. It gets cheaper and easier

to use and becomes something familiar. And then in the third stage, diffusion

of the innovation slows down again, as if it permeates out across the S4.______

economy. During the explosive phase, the whole new industries

spring up to produce the new product or innovation, but to service it. S5.______

For example, during the 1920s, there was a dramatic acceleration in auto

production, from 1.9 million in 1920 to 4.5 million in 1929. This boom was

accompanying by all sorts of other essential activities necessary for S6.______

auto-based nation: Roads had to be built for the cars to run on; refineries and S7.______

oil wells, to provide the gasoline; and garages, to repair it. Historically, the S8.______

same pattern is repeated again and again with innovations. The construction

of the electrical system requested an enormous early investment in generation S9.______

and distribution capacity. The introduction of the radio was followed by a buying

spree(无节制的狂热行为) by Americans what quickly brought radios into S10.______

almost half of all households by 1930, up from nearly none in 1924.

【S1】

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第6题

Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mountain Everest （珠穆朗玛峰) . It

Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mountain Everest (珠穆朗玛峰) . It is the highest mountain in the world. But many people who have climbed the mountain have left waste material that is harming the environment.

A team of Americans is planning the largest clean-up effort ever on Mountain Everest. They will make the risky trip up the mountain next month.

The team of eight Americans will be guided by more than twenty Sherpas of Nepal (尼泊尔夏尔巴人).Their goal is to remove all the trash they see. They will spend two months cleaning up the mountain by gathering oxygen bottles, fuel containers, batteries, drink cans, human waste and other kinds of trash. They are expected to remove at least three tons of trash in large bags.

Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his fourth trip up the mountain. He says he hopes to bring Everest to the condition it was in before the first successful climb fifty years ago. He says he hopes the effort will influence other people to clean up the environment closer home.

Human waste on Everest is a major concern. So the clean-up team will take along newly development equipment to collect and treat human waste. Over the years, the waste articles have polluted the mountain. In the warm season when the ice melts, the polluted water flows to Nepali villages below. The problem has gotten worse in recent years because climbing Everest has become more popular.

When those Americans are planning the trip up Mountain Everest, they are concerned about______.

A．the success in climbing up the mountain

B．the environment pollution of the mountain

C．the equipment for their trip to the mountain

D．the risks facing the mountain climbers

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第7题

My country's greatest symbol to the world is the Statue of Liberty(自由女神像), an

d it was designed by special care. I don't know if you've ever seen the Statue of Liberty, but if you look closely, she's holding not one object, but two. In one hand is the familiar torch we call the "light of liberty."And in the other hand is a book of law.

We're a nation of laws. Our courts are honest and they are independent. The President -- me -- I can't tell the courts how to rule, and neither can any other member of the government. Under our law, everyone stands equal. No one is above the law, and no one is beneath it.

All political power in America is limited and only given by the free vote of the people. We have a Constitution, now two centuries old, which limits and balances the power of the three branches of our government, the judicial(法庭的)branch, the legislative(立法的)branch, and the executive branch, of which I'm a part.

Many of the values that guide our life in America are first shaped in our families, just as they are in your country.American moms and dads love their children and work hard and sacrifice for them, because we believe life can always be better for the next generation. In our families, we find love and learn responsibility and character.

America is a nation guided by faith. Someone once called us "a nation with the soul of a church." This may interest you -- 95 percent of Americans say they believe in God, and I'm one of them.

1、How many objects are held in the hands of the Statue of Liberty？()

A、One

B、Two

C、Three

D、Four

2、According the passage, all people are _____ under the law of the United States.

A、the same

B、different

C、sometimes different

D、sometimes equal

3、The Constitution mentioned in this passage is round _____ years old.

A、100

B、200

C、300

D、400

4、According to the author many of the values of life are first developed _____.

A、in school

B、in the family

C、in work

D、in college

5、From the passage we can easily see that _____.

A、the majority of Americans often go to church

B、the government plays a very important role in a law court

C、light music is popular with old people

D、parents have little influence over their children

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第8题

Americans had always been preoccupied with reforming their society, with "making it over,"

and between the 1890s and the end of the First World War, the reform. spirit intensified. More and more people tried to address the problem of their time directly, to impose order on a confusing world, and, especially, to create a conflict-free society. Their efforts, inspired by a complicated mixture of calculated self-interest and unselfish benevolence, helped what can be called the Progressive era. The urge for reform. had many sources. Industrialization had brought unprecedented productivity, awesome technology, and plenty of consumer goods. But it had also included labor struggle, waste of natural resources, and abuse of corporate power. Rapidly growing cities facilitated the accumulation and distribution of goods, services, and cultural amenities but also magnified problems of poverty, disease, crime, and political corruption. Massive inflows of immigrants and the rise of a new class of managers and professionals shook the foundations of old social classes. And the depression that crippled the nation in the 1890s made many leading citizens realize what working people had known for some time: the central promise of American life was not being kept; equality of opportunity-whether economic, political, or social--was a myth.

Progressives tried to resolve these problems by organizing ideas and actions around three basic themes. First, they sought to end abuses of power. Second, progressives aimed to replace corrupt power with the power of reformed institutions such as schools, charities, medical clinics, and the family. Third, progressives wanted to apply principles of science and efficiency on a nationwide scale to all economic, social, and political institutions, to minimize social and economic disorder and to establish cooperation, especially, between business and government, that would end wasteful competition and labor conflict.

Befitting their name, progressives had strong faith in the ability of humankind to create a better world. More than ever before, Americans looked to government as an agent of the people that could and should intervene in social and economic relations to protect the common good and substitute public interest for self-interest.

The passage is primarily concerned with ______.

A．the reasons for the Progressive Movement

B．the problems that American society faced between the 1890s and the end of World War I

C．the causes and contents of the Progressive reform

D．the belief that Americans possessed in their society

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第9题

阅读：W hat is the importance of the Afro American history to all Americans

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

W hat is the importance of the Afro American history to all Americans？ How could Afro Americans contribute anything to American history when they were just slaves and servants？ This is the image which many of us are taught when　we go to school. This is the image many Afro Americans have of themselves also. The Afro Americans need to remake their real historical image so that it is　known and accepted in its truthfulness by themselves and the rest of the world. Men and women of darker color are human beings entitled to respect and acceptance in history.　When we think of famous scientists and inventors we immediately think of men such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and Jonas E.Salk. This is because we associate famous people with the Anglo Saxon race. But what　about the Afro American inventors and scientists？ How many men during World War Ⅰ owe their lives to Garrett Morgan who invented the gas mask？ Garrett Morgan also invented the traffic light which saves numerous lives on our streets. Daniel Hale Williams was the first successful heart surgeon. Charles Drew saved hundreds of thousands of lives during World War II by his discovery　of the ways and means of preserving blood plasma. Percy Julian has helped millions suffering from the excruciating pain of arthritis. These men and others should be as easily recognized as Bell, Edison and Salk.

America is made up of many different blends of cultures. These many cultures have come to enrich and diversify the American way of life. We should　not think, because history has neglected to include the background of a particular culture, that these people have an inferior history. We should search for the truth and set the record straight against the slanders, the stereotyping and false images which have identified these people. We should understand each of the cultures and learn of their specific contribution to America's life　story.

Only after we are taught the complete and accurate history of our great country and learn that the blending of cultures and backgrounds gives us ourstrength, can we go forward on the path to peace.

36. The function of the first paragraph is to ____.

A) present the main idea or the summary of the essay

B) present an introduction to the topic

C) provide background to the main theme

D) present many cultures have contributed to American history

37. Which of the following statements is true？

A) Graham Bell, T.Edison and J.E.Salk are not very important people.

B) Black people who contribute to society should have equal recognition with their white colleagues.

C) We should not associate famous people with the Anglo Saxon race only.

D) G.Morgan, D.H.Williams and Charles Drew were not Afro Americans.

38. Paragraph three tells us that ____.

A) we should oppose slander and stereotyping

B) the American way of life is richer because it is made up of many cultures

C) some cultures have been completely neglected

D) Afro Americans have an inferior history

39. The word “image” refers to ____.

A) picture B) portray C) impression D) similar

40. The main idea of the passage is ____.

A) There are many Afro Americans who are famous as scientists and inventors

B) Many Afro Americans have devoted to American history

C) Afro American experience to American history

D) Afro American history must be recognized as an important part of American history

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第10题

Who takes care of the elderly in the United States today？ The fact is that family members

provide over 80% of the care that elderly people need. In most cases the elderly live in their own homes. A very small percentage of America's elderly live in nursing homes.

Samuel Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches about 40 years of age, their parents are usually still alive. The statistics show the change in lifestyles and responsibilities of aging (老龄化) Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents sometime after their own children have grown up. Moreover, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family members must provide long-term care. These facts also mean that after caregivers provide for their elderly parents, who will eventually die, they will be old and may require care too. When they do, their spouses (配偶) will probably take care of them because they have had fewer children than their parents did.

Because Americans are living longer than ever, more social workers have begun to study ways of caregiving to improve the care of the elderly. They have found that all caregivers share a common characteristic; They believe that they are the best people for the job. The social workers have also discovered three basic reasons why the caregivers take on the responsibility of caring for an elderly, dependent relative. Many caregivers believe they had an obligation (职责) to help their relatives. Some think that helping others makes them feel more useful. Others hope that by helping someone now, they will deserve care when they become old and dependent.

Samuel Preston's study shows that______.

A．lifestyles and responsibilities of the elderly are not changing

B．most American couples over 40 have no living parents

C．middle-aged Americans have to take care of their children and parents at the same time

D．elderly people may need care for a long time because they live longer after an illness

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第11题

（题干） Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No， you’re

not an investor in one of those hedge funds that failed completely. With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound， already-expensive London has become quite unaffordable. A coffee at Starbucks， just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States， runs about ￥8. The once all-powerful dollar isn’t doing a Titanic against just the pound. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. Even the Argentine peso and Brazilian real are thriving against the dollar. The weak dollar is a source of humiliation， for a nation’s self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It’s also a potential economic problem， since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates. And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U.S. economy from giant companies like Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami for which the weak dollar is most excellent news. Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. But nothing makes people think more warmly of the U.S. than a weak dollar. Through April， the total number of visitors from abroad was up 6.8 percent from last year. Should the trend continue， the number of tourists this year will finally top the 2000 peak？ Many Europeans now apparently view the U.S. the way many Americans view Mexico as a cheap place to vacation， shop and party， all while ignoring the fact that the poorer locals can’t afford to join the merrymaking. The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade deficit. So do exports， which thanks in part to the weak dollar， soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. For first five months of 2007， the trade deficit actually fell 7 percent from 2006. If you own shares in large American corporations， you’re a winner in the weak-dollargamble. Last week Coca-Cola’s stick bubbled to a five-year high after it reported a fantastic quarter. Foreign sales accounted for 65 percent of Coke’s beverage business. Other American companies profiting from this trend include McDonald’s and IBM. American tourists， however，shouldn’t expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up slowly， and then all at once. And currencies don’t turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar， cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There， the dollar is still treated with a little respect. 问题： Why do Americans feel humiliated？A.Their economy is plunging.

B.They can’t afford trips to Europe.

C.Their currency has slumped.

D.They have lost half of their assets.

How does the weak dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans？A.They have to cancel their vacations in New England.

B.They find it unaffordable to dine in mom-and-pop restaurants.

C.They have to spend more money when buying imported goods.

D.They might lose their jobs due to potential economic problems.

In the author's opinion， the weak dollar leads to the following consequences EXCEPT that.A.The dallar has little respect in New England.

B.Europeans begin to think more warmly of the U.S.

C.Imported food is more expensive to the Americans.

D.Some large American corporations make more profits.

According to the last paragraph， what is the author’s advice to Americans？A.They treat the dollar with a little respect.

B.They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble.

C.They treasure their marriages all the more.

D.They vacation at home rather than abroad.

How do many Europeans feel about the U.S with the devalued dollar？A.They think of it as a good tourist destination.

B.They feel contemptuous of it.

C.They regard it as a superpower on the decline.

D.They are sympathetic with it.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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