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In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business.So he invented a very s

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.

The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual' because they were very lifelike.

Photographs also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed feelings like other kinds of art.

The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of______.

A．his business

B．his house

C．his garden

D．his window

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第1题

The Daguerreotype was______. A. a Frenchman B. a photographer C. a kind of camera

The Daguerreotype was______.

A. a Frenchman

B. a photographer

C. a kind of camera

D. a kind of picture

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第2题

A group of people who share the same interests and way of life is called a society. Sociol

ogy is the science that examines human society. The term sociology is derived from the Latin word socius, which means "companion, union of people".

(80) Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew. They also study the levels within a society. For example, the child is part of the family, the family is part of the neighborhood, and the neighborhood is part of the community. There are many different groups, and sociologists are interested in the effect that these groups have on people.

A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s. He suggested that a new science was necessary to study a society of people. A famous book, Principles of Sociology, was published by an Englishman, Herbert Spencer, in 1882. This book had an unprecedented (史无前例的) effect on the science of sociology. In this book, Spencer theorized that a society's customs evolved, or grew, from very simple to more complicated and advanced. This theory shows the influence that Charles Darwin (who believed that man had evoked from very simple forms to the present human) had on Spencer.

What is the best title for this passage？

A．Society.

B．People's Interests.

C．Society in Different Nations.

D．Sociology.

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第3题

Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or

criticize others as they are similar to or different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries is often a distorted(曲折) one.

Here is a great argument in favor of foreign travel and learning foreign languages. It is only by traveling in, or living in a country and getting to know its inhabitants and their language that one can find out what a country and its people are really like. And how different the knowledge one gains this way frequently turns out to be from the second-hand information gathered from other sources! How often we find that the foreigners whom we thought to be such different people from ourselves are not very different after all!

Differences between peoples do, of course, exist and, one hopes, will always continue to do so. The world will be a dull place indeed when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With the much greater rapidity and ease of travel, there might seem to be some truth in this at least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be, at least the greater ease of travel today has revealed to more people than ever before that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of animal from themselves.

Every country criticizes ways of life in other countries because they are______.

A．distorted

B．normal

C．similar to each other

D．different from its own

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第4题

Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or

criticize others as they are similar to or different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries is often a distorted(曲解)one.

Here is a great argument in favor of foreign travel and learning foreign languages. It is only by traveling in, or living in a country and getting to know its inhabitants and their language that one can find out what a country and its people are really like. And how different the knowledge one gains this way frequently turns out to be from the second-hand information gathered from other sources! How often we find that the foreigners whom we thought to be such different people from ourselves are not very different after all!

Differences between peoples do, of course, exist and, one hopes, will always continue to do so. The world will be a dull place indeed when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With the much greater rapidity and ease of travel, there might seem to be some truth in this at least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be, at least the greater ease of travel today has revealed to more people than ever before that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of animal from themselves.

Every country criticizes ways of life in other countries because they are______.

A．distorted

B．normal

C．similar to each other

D．different from its own

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第5题

根据以下内容回答下列各题, The Mother Goose Stories, so well known to children all over the

word, are commonly said to have been written by a little old woman for her grandchildren. According to some people, she lived in Boston, and her real name was Elizabeth Vergoose. Her son-in-law, a printer named Thomas Fleet, was supposed to have published the famous stories and poems for small children in 1719. However, no copy of this book has ever been found, and most scholars doubt the truth of this story—and doubt, moreover, that Mother Goose was ever a real person. They point out that the name is a direct translation of the French “Mere I Oye.” In 1697 the Frenchman Charles Perrault published the first book in which this name was used． The collection contains eight tales, including “Sleeping Beauty,” “Cinderella,” and “Puss in Boots.” But Perrault did not originate these stories; they were already quite popular in his day, and he only collected them. What is suppssed to have happened in 1719？

A.Elizabeth Vergoose wrote the first Mother Goose Stories.

B.Thomas Fleet published the Mother Goose Stories.

C.The Mother Goose Stories were translated into French.

D.Charles Perrault published the first Mother Goose Stories.

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第6题

The intelligence test used most often today are based on the work of a Frenchman, Alfred B

i net. In 1905, Binet was asked by the French Ministry of Education to develop a way to identify those children in French schools who were too "mentally deficient (不足的)" to benefit from ordinary schooling and who needed special education. The tests had to distinguish those who were merely be hind in school from those who were actually mentally deficient.

The items that Binet and his colleague Theophile Simon included on the test were chosen on the basis of their ideas about intelligence. Binet and Simon believed intelligence includes such abilities as understanding the meaning of words; solving problems, and making commonsense judgements. Two other important assumptions also shaped Binet' s and Simon' s work. (1) that children with more intelligence will do better in school and (2) that older children have a greater ability than younger children.

Binet' s first test consisted of thirty tasks. They were simple things most children learn as a re ;suit of their everyday experiences. The tasks were arranged in groups, according to age. Binet decided which tasks were appropriate for a given age group by giving them first to a large number of children of different ages. If more than half of the children of a given age passed a test, it was considered appropriate for that age group.

The main purpose of this passage is to ______.

A．tell the origin of intelligence tests

B．explain the basic principle of intelligence tests

C．describe the changes in the content of intelligence tests

D．state the development of intelligence tests

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第7题

Scientists used to explore【31】the surface of the ocean. Now they【32】below the surface, too

. They want to know about the ocean water and the【33】and animal life【34】in the ocean.

In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3 , 000 feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball. In 1935 Auguste Piccard dived 10, 330 feet. In 1960 his son Jean dived to a【35】of 35, 800 feet.

All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to【36】the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below the surface.【37】, they succeeded. Cousteau, a Frenchman, was able to【38】down to a depth of【36】feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week.

Now scientists are developing even【39】equipment. With this new equipment, men can stay【40】the surface for days or【41】weeks. In 1962 Consteau【42】a research station 35 feet below the surface. Then in 1964 he set up another station on the ocean floor of the Red Sea. This was the first undersea station to operate【43】help from the surface.

Many countries are now studying undersea【44】. The Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea. The United States has a laboratory 50 feet【45】on the ocean floor【46】the Virgin Islands. In 1970 five men lived there for two weeks. Then a【47】of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory.【48】came other teams of men. All were there to explore the ocean depths and【49】plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough【50】, vegetable, and animal wealth there to provide food for the whole world.

(31)

A．in

B．to

C．on

D．under

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