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2 An important part of management is understanding the style. of leadership.
Required:
(a) Explain what Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid measures. (5 marks)
A.adjusting measurement standards
B.rewarding/punishing employee performance
C.benchmarking standards with a competitor
D.taking managerial action
E.reengineering the process
Over the last 30 years, social scientists 'have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize: The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable？ Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚)while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making its easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public .eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.
According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as manager ______.
A．a person's property or debts do not matter much
B．a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualification
C．women should always dress fashionably
D．women should not only be attractive but also high-minded
63 Managers who adopt a sound, but prudent managerial style. are called
A. authorization
B. conciliatory
C. ethical
D. judicial
E. promotional
A.measuring actual performance
B.changing the standard
C.taking managerial action
D.comparing actual against the standard
Managerial Reserves are:
A.allowances to account for price changes that can occur over the life of a project.
B.incentive fees paid to managers for good performance.
C.funds used to offset poor cost or schedule estimates.
D.accounts to allocate and maintain funds for contingency programs
E.All of the above.
A.decision-making
B.communicating with customers
C.motivating subordinates
D.product knowledge
E.technical skills
(c) Discuss the usefulness of the managerial grid in assessing the attributes of managers. (5 marks)
A . Feasibility studies.
B . Bills of materials.
C . Pert charts.
D . Managerial reserves.
E . None of the above
