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4 （a) A company may choose to finance its activities mainly by equity capital, with low bo

4 (a) A company may choose to finance its activities mainly by equity capital, with low borrowings (low gearing) or by

relying on high borrowings with relatively low equity capital (high gearing).

Required:

Explain why a highly geared company is generally more risky from an investor’s point of view than a company

with low gearing. (3 marks)

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更多“4 （a) A company may choose to …”相关的问题

第1题

In relation to the Company Law of China:（a) state the circumstances under which a joint st

In relation to the Company Law of China:

(a) state the circumstances under which a joint stock company may purchase its own shares; (6 marks)

(b) state the reasons why a joint stock company is generally not allowed to purchase its own shares, except under special circumstances. (4 marks)

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第2题

4 （a) Router, a public limited company operates in the entertainment industry. It recently

4 (a) Router, a public limited company operates in the entertainment industry. It recently agreed with a television

company to make a film which will be broadcast on the television company’s network. The fee agreed for the

film was $5 million with a further $100,000 to be paid every time the film is shown on the television company’s

channels. It is hoped that it will be shown on four occasions. The film was completed at a cost of $4 million and

delivered to the television company on 1 April 2007. The television company paid the fee of $5 million on

30 April 2007 but indicated that the film needed substantial editing before they were prepared to broadcast it,

the costs of which would be deducted from any future payments to Router. The directors of Router wish to

recognise the anticipated future income of $400,000 in the financial statements for the year ended 31 May

2007. (5 marks)

Required:

Discuss how the above items should be dealt with in the group financial statements of Router for the year ended

31 May 2007.

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第3题

22 Which of the following items may appear in a company’s statement of changes in equity,

according to IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements？

1 Unrealised revaluation gains.

2 Dividends paid.

3 Proceeds of equity share issue.

4 Profit for the period.

A 2, 3 and 4 only

B 1, 3 and 4 only

C All four items

D 1, 2 and 4 only

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第4题

4 Assume today’s date is 15 May 2005.In March 1999, Bob was made redundant from his job as

4 Assume today’s date is 15 May 2005.

In March 1999, Bob was made redundant from his job as a furniture salesman. He decided to travel round the world,

and did so, returning to the UK in May 2001. Bob then decided to set up his own business selling furniture. He

started trading on 1 October 2001. After some initial success, the business made losses as Bob tried to win more

customers. However, he was eventually successful, and the business subsequently made profits.

The results for Bob’s business were as follows:

Period Schedule D Case I

Trading Profits/(losses)

￡

1 October 2001 – 30 April 2002 13,500

1 May 2002 – 30 April 2003 (18,000)

1 May 2003 – 30 April 2004 28,000

Bob required funds to help start his business, so he raised money in three ways:

(1) Bob is a keen cricket fan, and in the 1990s, he collected many books on cricket players. To raise money, Bob

started selling books from his collection. These had risen considerably in value and sold for between ￡150 and

￡300 per book. None of the books forms part of a set. Bob created an internet website to advertise the books.

Bob has not declared this income, as he believes that the proceeds from selling the books are non-taxable.

(2) He disposed of two paintings and an antique silver coffee set at auction on 1 December 2004, realising

chargeable gains totalling ￡23,720.

(3) Bob took a part time job in a furniture store on 1 January 2003. His annual salary has remained at ￡12,600

per year since he started this employment.

Bob has 5,000 shares in Willis Ltd, an unquoted trading company based in the UK. He subscribed for these shares

in August 2000, paying ￡3 per share. On 1 December 2004, Bob received a letter informing him that the company

had gone into receivership. As a result, his shares were almost worthless. The receivers dealing with the company

estimated that on the liquidation of the company, he would receive no more than 10p per share for his shareholding.

He has not yet received any money.

Required:

(a) Write a letter to Bob advising him on whether or not he is correct in believing that his book sales are nontaxable.

Your advice should include reference to the badges of trade and their application to this case.

(9 marks)

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第5题

（b) One of the hotels owned by Norman is a hotel complex which includes a theme park, a ca

(b) One of the hotels owned by Norman is a hotel complex which includes a theme park, a casino and a golf course,

as well as a hotel. The theme park, casino, and hotel were sold in the year ended 31 May 2008 to Conquest, a

public limited company, for $200 million but the sale agreement stated that Norman would continue to operate

and manage the three businesses for their remaining useful life of 15 years. The residual interest in the business

reverts back to Norman after the 15 year period. Norman would receive 75% of the net profit of the businesses

as operator fees and Conquest would receive the remaining 25%. Norman has guaranteed to Conquest that the

net minimum profit paid to Conquest would not be less than $15 million. (4 marks)

Norman has recently started issuing vouchers to customers when they stay in its hotels. The vouchers entitle the

customers to a $30 discount on a subsequent room booking within three months of their stay. Historical

experience has shown that only one in five vouchers are redeemed by the customer. At the company’s year end

of 31 May 2008, it is estimated that there are vouchers worth $20 million which are eligible for discount. The

income from room sales for the year is $300 million and Norman is unsure how to report the income from room

sales in the financial statements. (4 marks)

Norman has obtained a significant amount of grant income for the development of hotels in Europe. The grants

have been received from government bodies and relate to the size of the hotel which has been built by the grant

assistance. The intention of the grant income was to create jobs in areas where there was significant

unemployment. The grants received of $70 million will have to be repaid if the cost of building the hotels is less

than $500 million. (4 marks)

Appropriateness and quality of discussion (2 marks)

Required:

Discuss how the above income would be treated in the financial statements of Norman for the year ended

31 May 2008.

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第6题

Explain the grounds upon which a person may be disqualified under the Company Directors Di

squalification Act 1986.(10 marks)

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第7题

（a) In order for auditors to operate effectively and to provide an opinion on an entity’s

(a) In order for auditors to operate effectively and to provide an opinion on an entity’s financial statements, they are given certain rights.

Required:

State THREE rights of an auditor, excluding those related to resignation and removal. (3 marks)

(b) ISA 315 Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment requires auditors to obtain an understanding of control activities relevant to the audit.

Control activities are the policies and procedures that help ensure that management directives are carried out; and which are designed to prevent and detect fraud and error occurring. An example of a control activity is the maintenance of a control account.

Required:

Apart from maintenance of a control account, explain FOUR control activities a company may undertake to prevent and detect fraud and error. (4 marks)

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第8题

（c) Discuss the difficulties that may be experienced by a small company which is seeking t

funding to finance an expansion of business operations. (8 marks)

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第9题

（b) Peter, one of Linden Limited’s non-executive directors, having lived and worked in the

(b) Peter, one of Linden Limited’s non-executive directors, having lived and worked in the UK for most of his adult

life, sold his home near London on 22 March 2006 and, together with his wife (a French citizen), moved to live

in a villa which she owns in the south of France. Peter is now demanding that the tax deducted from his director’s

fees, for the board meetings held on 18 April and 16 May 2006, be refunded, on the grounds that, as he is no

longer resident in the UK, he is no longer liable to UK income tax. All of the company’s board meetings are held

at its offices in Cambridge.

Despite Peter’s assurance that none of the other companies of which he is a director has disputed his change of

tax status, Damian is uncertain whether he should make the refunds requested. However, as Peter is a friend of

the company’s founder, Linden Limited’s managing director is urging him to do so, stating that if the tax does

have to be paid, then Linden Limited could always bear the cost.

Required:

Advise Damian whether Peter is correct in his assertion regarding his tax position and in the case that there

is a UK tax liability the implications of the managing director’s suggestion. You are not required to consider

national insurance (NIC) issues. (4 marks)

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第10题

（ii) Set out the information required by Jane in connection with the administration of the

(ii) Set out the information required by Jane in connection with the administration of the company’s tax

affairs and identify any penalties that may already be payable. (3 marks)

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